B1

Imperfect subjunctive

Full -és/-ís patterns, past triggers, unreal si clauses, and irregular stems.

The imperfect subjunctive handles past-triggered and unreal clauses

Use it when a past main verb requires subjunctive—Volia que vinguessis—and in unreal or unlikely si clauses—Si tingués temps.... Despite its name, it does not always refer to past time; in a hypothetical it marks distance from reality.

Regular formation

Person-ar: parlar-re: perdre-ir: dormir
joparlésperdésdormís
tuparlessisperdessisdormissis
ell/ellaparlésperdésdormís
nosaltresparléssimperdéssimdormíssim
vosaltresparléssiuperdéssiudormíssiu
ells/ellesparlessinperdessindormissin

The characteristic vowels are -és- for most -ar/-er/-re verbs and -ís- for many -ir verbs. Spelling changes preserve sound.

Essential irregular stems

InfinitiveImperfect subjunctive baseUseful form
serfos-fos / fossis
ferfes-fes / fessis
venirvingués-vingués / vinguessis
tenirtingués-tingués / tinguessis
poderpogués-pogués / poguessis
sabersabés-sabés / sabessis
dirdigués-digués / diguessis
anaranés-anés / anessis
estarestigués-estigués / estiguessis

Sequence after a past main clause

A present trigger selects present subjunctive—Vull que vinguis—while a past trigger usually shifts to imperfect subjunctive—Volia que vinguessis. The subordinate action may be simultaneous or later relative to that past desire.

Unreal si clauses

Use imperfect subjunctive in the condition and conditional in the result: Si sabés la resposta, te la diria. For a past counterfactual, use pluperfect subjunctive and conditional perfect: Si ho hagués sabut, hauria vingut.

Examples in context

Volia que vinguessis una mica abans.

I wanted you to come a little earlier.

Ens van demanar que portéssim una còpia.

They asked us to bring a copy.

No creia que fos tan lluny.

I didn’t think it was so far away.

Em va sorprendre que ho sabessis.

I was surprised that you knew it.

Si tingués cotxe, aniria més sovint a la muntanya.

If I had a car, I would go to the mountains more often.

Si poguéssim triar, preferiríem quedar-nos aquí.

If we could choose, we would prefer to stay here.

Parlava com si conegués tothom.

He spoke as if he knew everyone.

Buscaven algú que tingués experiència internacional.

They were looking for someone who had international experience.

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